
Dogs are also capable of separating for example a skin cancer from the bladder cancer from the person's urine with a remarkable consistency. The amounts of odors are in the low parts-per-billion range.
Ok, so now I'm getting to my point...
It is also known that trained dogs can smell microorganisms, like mould in house. Microorganisms emit gaseous substances (microbial volatile organic compounds = MVOC). There are even trained mold dogs which can smell these odors.
It is interesting that both alkanes and benzenes are something that fungi and yeast are comfortable with and are cabaple of metabolizing.
So I started to wonder what exactly is the dog smelling in cancer patients?